Moral injury is a new term for an age-old phenomenon. It refers to the damaging effects to one’s conscience when they commit, witness or fail to prevent actions that go against their personal values.
While anyone can experience moral injury, Service members and Veterans are at a higher risk because of the nature of their job. From taking lives to witnessing horrific scenes, the images and emotional anguish that arise during wartime are intense and distressing. Unfortunately, these are memories that last a lifetime and that change a person at their very core.
Leaders can help Service members and Veterans better understand their emotions by informing them about moral injury and guiding them on a path to self-forgiveness.
Moral Injury Triggers
During wartime, a Service member's values may go against what they are ordered to do. Here are some examples:- Knowingly or accidentally causing the death of civilians in combat
- Following orders that are illegal or immoral
- Giving orders that result in the injury or death of a fellow Service member or civilian
- Failing to provide medical assistance to an injured civilian or Service member
- Neglecting to report a sexual assault committed against a civilian or Service member
According to one study, 27% of deployed Soldiers reported experiencing an ethical dilemma to which they were unsure of how to respond. (Gaudet, Camille; Sowers [2016])
Recognizing Moral Injury
Moral injury can present itself in many emotional and behavioral ways anytime after a traumatic event:- Anxiety
- Guilt; shame
- Anger
- Worthlessness, helplessness
- Self-blame or blaming others
- Loss of faith/belief
- Self-deprecation (“I am weak”); self-condemnation (“I am evil”)
- Increased post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (nightmares, intrusive thoughts)
- Self-isolation; withdrawal from others
- Feeling “haunted”
- Substance abuse (drugs, alcohol)
- Self-harm (cutting, burning skin)
- Suicidal ideation; suicide attempt
If you are thinking about suicide, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline for 24/7 free, confidential support: 800-273-TALK (8255) (press 1)